CommunityAnalysis

 ** Revitalizing the St. Thomas Public Library’s Medical Sciences Collection: A Proposal **  As librarians of the St. Thomas Public Library (STPL), it is our mission to educate, inform and enrich the lives of our patrons. Accordingly, we recognize the importance of continued evaluation of the library’s collection, paying close attention to both the relevance and quality of our offerings, in tandem with the needs and wants of our patrons.  Over the past two years, many of our patrons have been impacted directly and dramatically by the global recession, along with the mass business closures and layoffs that ensued.  In recognition of these significant changes, STPL’s collection development team has reasoned that our collection should be evaluated and updated accordingly to better reflect the current economic and social conditions in St. Thomas, and to anticipate the future needs of citizens as the town continues to undergo drastic economic change and restructuring.  To date, the STPL has ramped up its efforts to offer relevant job searching materials and tools to our patrons. Now, however, we would like to turn the focus toward the library’s medical sciences collection in the 610s, in acknowledgement of the probable indirect consequences of economic instability on our patrons’ health.  To begin our analysis, we performed an environmental scan of the community and its demographic, cultural, economic and health characteristics. Confirming the need for access to current, accurate, and engaging health resources, we proceeded to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses to assess the current state of the STPL medical sciences collection. Next, we turned to the // Public Library Core Collection: Nonfiction: A Selection Guide to Reference Books and Adult Nonfiction, //also analyzing it both quantitatively and qualitatively. Taking into account the results of our analyses, we prepared a list of titles recommended for purchase, as well as a list of potential candidates for weeding. Finally, to ensure that the proposed actions constitute a worthy investment for the STPL, we developed a comprehensive marketing and outreach plan designed to raise awareness and encourage use of our revamped and improved medical sciences collection.    ** Community Analysis ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">St. Thomas, ON is a small town of approximately 36,100. Predominantly Caucasian and English-speaking (96 per cent in each category according to Statistics Canada, 2006), the town boasts a strong sense of local culture and community, as evidenced by the abundance of programs and events in the area. These include local theatre productions performed at the Princess Ave Playhouse, exhibitions by local artists showcased at the St. Thomas-Elgin Public Art Centre, the weekly Horton Farmers’ Market, and the upcoming Christmas Carol Sing at the Old St. Thomas Church. Both the local newspaper, the // St. Thomas Times Journal //, and the community-maintained // St. Thomas Blog // help residents to stay abreast of local news and events. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In terms of the economy, St. Thomas is very much a blue-collar town. Manufacturing is by far the largest sector of industry in St. Thomas, employing 28 per cent of the town’s experienced labour force (Statistics Canada, 2006). Almost three-quarters of those in the manufacturing industries are male (Statistics Canada, 2006). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">However, in recent years, St. Thomas has been devastated by the economic recession. In 2008, nearly 300 workers were laid off from local auto-parts manufacturer Presstran, while another 280 were laid off when Therm-O-Disc decided to close its local plant (De Bono, 2008). Then, in early 2009, St. Thomas’s Sterling truck plant closed, resulting in nearly 2,000 layoffs (De Bono, 2009). Next year, the town’s Ford assembly plant will close, cutting another 1,500 jobs at the factory, and up to 10,000 jobs in the region due to the spinoff effects of this closure on local auto parts and service suppliers (Owram, 2009). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">While much of Ontario has largely recovered from the recession by now, St. Thomas’s unemployment rate remains at 13 per cent, four per cent higher than the current provincial rate, and more than double the regional rate reported in the 2006 Census (Statistics Canada, 2010; Statistics Canada, 2006). With the impending Ford plant closure, taken together with the fact that over 56 per cent of St. Thomas’s adult population possesses only a high school education or less (Statistics Canada, 2006), the economic outlook is rather discouraging. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In response, the STPL has stepped up and improved its job hunt support, recommending a wide variety of books and web information designed to help patrons search for jobs more effectively. But the consequences of this economic upheaval extend far beyond the immediate concerns of unemployment. We must also consider the potential health impacts on our residents. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">For example, Meltzer et al. (2010) find a strong association exists between job insecurity and intensified feelings of depression. In addition, Grunberg, Moore and Greenberg (2001) show that experience with both job insecurity and layoffs often results in declining levels of physical and psychological health, including increased incidence of depression, alcohol consumption, and changes in appetite. Furthermore, McKee, Stuckler, and Martin-Moreno (2010) point to patterns of increased suicide rates during economic downturns. So while increased job hunting support is definitely a step in the right direction, there are other ways in which the St. Thomas Public Library can help its patrons through this extremely challenging time, especially with regard to health promotion. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In the most recent Statistics Canada (2010) health profile of the Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, 17 per cent of adult residents reported perceived life stress experienced on a frequent basis. The profile also reveals an above average proportion of overweight and obese residents (58 per cent of the local adult population, compared to 51 per cent in Ontario). Weight issues are particularly pronounced for the community’s males, with 66 per cent categorized as overweight or obese. Furthermore, smoking rates among the Elgin-St. Thomas adult population exceed provincial rates (23 per cent versus 19 per cent), and, again, are especially high among the male population (30 per cent in St. Thomas versus 22 per cent in Ontario). Physical activity levels are slightly lower in Elgin-St. Thomas than Ontario as a whole, with 48 per cent of St. Thomas respondents indicating that they are moderately to very active, compared to 51 per cent in Ontario. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In terms of causes of death, Elgin-St. Thomas also reveals higher rates of death caused by cancer, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, and unintentional injuries, compared to provincial rates. Finally, considering that a third of the local population is aged 50 years or older, health issues can only be expected to increase in the future (Statistics Canada, 2006). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">While some of these statistics may be alarming, there are a few areas of health in which St. Thomas residents excel. A large proportion of residents (79 per cent) report feeling a strong sense of community belonging, which is associated with good mental and physical health, and an impressive 95 per cent say they are satisfied or very satisfied with their lives in general (Statistics Canada, 2010). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Going forward with our analysis of the STPL’s health and medical collection, we have kept in mind both the health vulnerabilities and strengths of St. Thomas residents in our plans to rejuvenate the 610s. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">References  ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">De Bono, N. (2008, April 7). // Layoff toll rises to 960 workers //. Retrieved from http://money.canoe.ca/money/business/canada/archives/2008/04/20080405-060333.html <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">De Bono, N. (2009, November 11). Closed Sterling plant could be going green. // London Free Press. //Retrieved from http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2009/11/11/11705946-sun.html <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Owram, K. (2009, November 3). St. Thomas plant closure may doom 10,000 jobs. Retrieved from <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">http://www.thestar.com/business/article/720487--st-thomas-plant-closure-may-doom-10-000-jobs <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Statistics Canada. (2006). St. Thomas. // 2006 Community Profiles. //Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">page.cfm?B1=All&Code1=3534021&Code2=35&Custom=&Data=Count&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Lang=E&SearchPR=01&SearchText=St.+Thomas&SearchType=Begin <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Statistics Canada. (2010). Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit. // Health Profile, June 2010. //Retrieved from <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/health-sante/82-228/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Tab=1 &Geo1=HR &Code1=3531&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Rate&SearchText=Elgin-St.%20Thomas%20Health%20Unit&SearchType=Contains&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=

What's up in St. Thomas? (apologies for severe ugliness, guys)

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Statistics Canada 2006 Community Profiles for St. Thomas __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?B1=All&Code1=3534021&Code2=35&Custom=&Data=Count&Geo1=CSD&Geo2=PR&Lang=E&SearchPR=01&SearchText=St.+Thomas&SearchType=Begins · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Population: 36,110 · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lone parent families in St Thomas – About 18% of total census families o <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lone parent families in Ontario – About 16% of total census families · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Below median income compared to rest of Ontario o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">64,463 vs. 69,156 based on all census families o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">54,876 vs. 60,455 based on private households · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Residents with non-English mother tongue: 3,285 (395 French mother tongue; 2,890 Other) o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">About 9% of respondents indicated a mother tongue other than English o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">However, only 0.3% of respondents indicated no knowledge of English o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Approximately 3% of respondents indicated a non-English language for “Language spoken most often at home” · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Newcomers (arrived between 2001 and 2006): 405 · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Aboriginal population: 560 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">Education attainment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Occupation ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Industry ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Statistics Canada Health Profile, June 2010, for Elgin-St Thomas Health Unit __** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">[]= · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Well being – 17.3% reported perceived life stress o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Population aged 15 and over who reported perceiving that most days in their life were quite a bit or extremely stressful. Perceived life stress refers to the amount of stress in the person's life, on most days, as perceived by the person or, in the case of proxy response, by the person responding. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher than average incidence of obese or overweight residents · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">57.5% in St Thomas vs. 51.4% in Ontario § <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Particularly high for males (65.6%); less so for females, but still 48.7% · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher incidence of smoking compared to province · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">22.5% for St Thomas vs. 18.6% for Ontario · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Especially pronounced for males – 29.8% of males in St. Thomas vs. 21.8% of males in Ontario · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher hospitalized stroke event rate in St Thomas than Ontario (133 vs. 129) · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Age-standardized rate of new stroke events admitted to an acute care hospital per 100,000 population age 20 and older. New event is defined as a first-ever hospitalization for stroke or a recurrent hospitalized stroke occurring more than 28 days after the admission for the previous event in the reference period. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher hospitalized acute myocardial infarction event rate (364 vs. 216) · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Age-standardized rate of new AMI events admitted to an acute care hospital per 100,000 population age 20 and older. New event is defined as a first-ever hospitalization for an AMI or a recurrent hospitalized AMI occurring more than 28 days after the admission for the previous event in the reference period. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher injury hospitalization rate (560 vs. 420) · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Age-standardized rate of acute care hospitalization due to injury resulting from the transfer of energy (excluding poisoning and other non-traumatic injuries), per 100,000 population. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Higher unemployment rate – 13% for St. Thomas vs. 9% for Ontario. Also, higher youth unemployment rate (aged 15 to 24) – 22.4% for St. Thomas vs. 17.6% for Ontario

· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">St. Thomas residents demonstrate healthier behaviour than Ontario residents as a whole with regard to heavy drinking, fruit and vegetable consumption · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Also, St Thomas residents report a higher incidence of sense of community belonging (78.6% for St. Thomas vs. 67.1% for Ontario). Especially high for St. Thomas’s females (82.2%) · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Population aged 12 and over who reported their sense of belonging to their local community as being very strong or somewhat strong. Research shows a high correlation of sense of community-belonging with physical and mental health. ** Source: ** // Statistics Canada. 2010. Health Profile. //  // Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 82-228-XWE. Ottawa. Released June 15, 2010. // []

**__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">St. Thomas in the news __**

**<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 19pt;">Ford to close St. Thomas assembly plant ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Toronto Star, 31 October, 2009 ** <span style="font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt;">** Tony Van Alphen **

<span style="font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt;">** Full story here: ** <span style="font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt;">[]

<span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">Ford will close its St. Thomas, Ont., assembly plant and wipe out about 1,500 direct jobs and employment for thousands of other workers in less than two years under a concessions contract with the company's main union. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">... **<span style="color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt;">He noted that in addition to losing 1,500 jobs at the 42-year-old plant in September 2011, the shutdown will slash employment for another 6,000 to 8,000 workers in the region who supply parts and services.

**<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 19pt;">St. Thomas plant closure may doom 10,000 jobs ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Toronto Star, 3 November, 2009 **

**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Full story here: **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> []

<span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">The closure of Ford's assembly plant in St. Thomas, Ont., will not only affect the 1,400 workers currently employed at the facility, but also thousands more in the auto parts and transport industries. <span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">Auto industry analyst Bill Pochiluk says approximately 2,500 jobs will be lost among auto parts suppliers in both Canada and the United States as a result of the closing. <span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">And Canadian Auto Workers economist Jim Stanford says as many as 10,000 jobs in total could be lost due to the spinoff effects on the community of St. Thomas and surrounding areas. <span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">The plant's closure will also cost the St. Thomas area more than $3 million in tax revenue. <span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">The St. Thomas region of southwestern Ontario has been hit hard by the distress in the Canadian manufacturing sector and the auto industry in particular. <span style="background: white; color: #343434; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.75pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 15.75pt;">Stanford says it's probably the second-hardest hit community in Canada after Windsor, Ont

**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Closed Sterling plant could be going green ** ** London Free Press, 11 November, 2009 ** ** NORMAN DE BONO **

**Full story here:** [] <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">St. Thomas has been hammered by layoffs and plant closings during recent years. <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Sterling shut down last spring, cutting 2,000 jobs, and 1,600 jobs will be lost when Ford closes its St. Thomas plant in 2011. <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; font-weight: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">While there have been other plant closings, the Sterling plant is the largest and newest, at about 16 years old...

<span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">NEED A FACTORY? <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Besides Sterling, other closed or closing St. Thomas plants: <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">A. Schulman Inc., 13,500 square metres on 6.9 hectares <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Therm-O-Disc, 7,600 square metres on 3.9 hectares <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Emerson (available this summer), 4,800 square metres on four hectares <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Contrans, 7,246 square metres on five hectares <span style="background: white; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt;">Ford Canada St. Thomas plant (closing in 2011), 242,000 square metres on 257 hectares

**__<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Research supporting the link between unemployment and declining health __** **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">McKee, M., Stuckler, D., Martin-Moreno, J. M. (2010). Protecting health in hard times. //British Journal of Medicine, 341,// 681-682. ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">“ <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Epidemiological research shows the profound health consequences of unemployment and, although less well recognised, fear of unemployment. Research on previous economic crises shows that higher unemployment is associated with increased suicide rates.” · <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Cited the following studies: o <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">McKee-Ryan M, Song Z, Wanberg CR, Kinicki AJ. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. //J Appl Psychol// 2005;90:53-76. o <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Murphy G, Athanasou, JA. The effect of unemployment on mental health. //J Occup Organization Psychol// 1999;72:83-99. o <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Stuckler D, Basu S, Suhrcke M, Coutts A, McKee M. The public health impact of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe.//Lancet// 2009;374:315-23. o <span style="color: #232020; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Stuckler D, Basu S, McKee M. How government spending cuts put lives at risk. //Nature// 2010;465:289.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Grunberg, L., Moore, S. Y., & Greenberg, E. (2001). Differences in psychological and physical health among layoff survivors: The effect of layoff contact. //Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6//(1), 15-25. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">“This study examined health and well-being among workers who have experienced varying types of contact with layoffs in an organization undergoing downsizing ... Having any kind of personal contact with layoffs is found to be associated with less job security, more symptoms of poor health, depression, and eating changes as compared with having no layoff contact.” (p. 15)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">“Although limited evidence suggests that layoffs occasionally have beneficial effects for individual workers (Burchell, 1994; Susskind, Miller, & Johnson, 1998), the vast majority of research suggests that layoffs have deleterious psychological and physical health outcomes for those who have lost their jobs (Ferrie, 1997; Grayson, 1989; Iversen & Sabroe, 1988; Westin, 1990) as well as for those who remain in the organization but who have been exposed to the threat of layoffs during the time of organizational change (Ferrie, Shipley, Marmot, Stansfeld, & Smith, 1998a, 1998b). Research on survivor attitudes following layoffs generally indicates that remaining workers experience greater work stress, greater workload, less trust in management, lower levels of perceived organizational support, less job security, and decreased morale (Armstrong-Stasson, 1993; Davy, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">Kinicki, & Scheck, 1991; Kets de Vries & Balazs, 1997). Noer (1993) found higher levels of anger and depression even 5 years after a major downsizing event.” (p. 15)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">“Employees with personal layoff contact (whether direct or indirect) reported significantly lower job security, higher levels of depression, a greater number of symptoms of poor health, more eating changes, and some degree of increased alcohol consumption. Thus, we conclude that the effects of layoff experiences are magnified if one has some form of personal contact with layoffs, as opposed to just being employed in a downsizing organization.” (p. 22)

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., McManus, S., & Stansfield, S. (2010). Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression. //Psychological Medicine, 40,// 1401-1407. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">“Job insecurity has a strong association with feelings of depression even after controlling for biographic characteristics (age and sex), economic factors (personal debt) and work characteristics (type of work and level of responsibility).” (p. 1401)